diff --git a/internal/cache/cache.go b/internal/cache/cache.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4dabed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/cache/cache.go
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package cache
+
+import "database/sql/driver"
+
+type Cache[T any] interface {
+	CreateIfNotExists(path string) (driver.Connector, error)
+	Insert(path string, data ...T) error
+	Delete(path string, data ...T) error
+	Get(path string) ([]T, error)
+}
diff --git a/internal/db/postgresql/postgresql.go b/internal/cache/postgresql/postgresql.go
similarity index 100%
rename from internal/db/postgresql/postgresql.go
rename to internal/cache/postgresql/postgresql.go
diff --git a/internal/cache/sqlite/sqlite.go b/internal/cache/sqlite/sqlite.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f0bbf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/cache/sqlite/sqlite.go
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+package sqlite
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	magellan "github.com/OpenCHAMI/magellan/internal"
+
+	"github.com/jmoiron/sqlx"
+)
+
+const TABLE_NAME = "magellan_scanned_assets"
+
+func CreateScannedAssetIfNotExists(path string) (*sqlx.DB, error) {
+	schema := fmt.Sprintf(`
+	CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS %s (
+		host 		TEXT NOT NULL,
+		port 		INTEGER NOT NULL,
+		protocol 	TEXT,
+		state 		INTEGER,
+		timestamp 	TIMESTAMP,
+		PRIMARY KEY (host, port)
+	);
+	`, TABLE_NAME)
+	// TODO: it may help with debugging to check for file permissions here first
+	db, err := sqlx.Open("sqlite3", path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to open database: %v", err)
+	}
+	db.MustExec(schema)
+	return db, nil
+}
+
+func InsertScannedAssets(path string, assets ...magellan.ScannedAsset) error {
+	if assets == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("states == nil")
+	}
+
+	// create database if it doesn't already exist
+	db, err := CreateScannedAssetIfNotExists(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// insert all probe states into db
+	tx := db.MustBegin()
+	for _, state := range assets {
+		sql := fmt.Sprintf(`INSERT OR REPLACE INTO %s (host, port, protocol, state, timestamp)
+		VALUES (:host, :port, :protocol, :state, :timestamp);`, TABLE_NAME)
+		_, err := tx.NamedExec(sql, &state)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Printf("failed to execute transaction: %v\n", err)
+		}
+	}
+	err = tx.Commit()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to commit transaction: %v", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func DeleteScannedAssets(path string, results ...magellan.ScannedAsset) error {
+	if results == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("no assets found")
+	}
+	db, err := sqlx.Open("sqlite3", path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to open database: %v", err)
+	}
+	tx := db.MustBegin()
+	for _, state := range results {
+		sql := fmt.Sprintf(`DELETE FROM %s WHERE host = :host, port = :port;`, TABLE_NAME)
+		_, err := tx.NamedExec(sql, &state)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Printf("failed to execute transaction: %v\n", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = tx.Commit()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to commit transaction: %v", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func GetScannedAssets(path string) ([]magellan.ScannedAsset, error) {
+	db, err := sqlx.Open("sqlite3", path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to open database: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	results := []magellan.ScannedAsset{}
+	err = db.Select(&results, fmt.Sprintf("SELECT * FROM %s ORDER BY host ASC, port ASC;", TABLE_NAME))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve assets: %v", err)
+	}
+	return results, nil
+}
diff --git a/internal/collect.go b/internal/collect.go
index 2666c50..6705a69 100644
--- a/internal/collect.go
+++ b/internal/collect.go
@@ -27,11 +27,9 @@ const (
 	HTTPS_PORT = 443
 )
 
-// QueryParams is a collections of common parameters passed to the CLI.
-// Each CLI subcommand has a corresponding implementation function that
-// takes an object as an argument. However, the implementation may not
-// use all of the properties within the object.
-type QueryParams struct {
+// CollectParams is a collection of common parameters passed to the CLI
+// for the 'collect' subcommand.
+type CollectParams struct {
 	Host        string // set by the 'host' flag
 	Port        int    // set by the 'port' flag
 	Username    string // set the BMC username with the 'username' flag
@@ -50,7 +48,7 @@ type QueryParams struct {
 //
 // Requests can be made to several of the nodes using a goroutine by setting the q.Concurrency
 // property value between 1 and 255.
-func CollectInventory(scannedResults *[]ScannedResult, params *QueryParams) error {
+func CollectInventory(scannedResults *[]ScannedAsset, params *CollectParams) error {
 	// check for available probe states
 	if scannedResults == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("no probe states found")
@@ -65,7 +63,7 @@ func CollectInventory(scannedResults *[]ScannedResult, params *QueryParams) erro
 		wg                sync.WaitGroup
 		found             = make([]string, 0, len(*scannedResults))
 		done              = make(chan struct{}, params.Concurrency+1)
-		chanScannedResult = make(chan ScannedResult, params.Concurrency+1)
+		chanScannedResult = make(chan ScannedAsset, params.Concurrency+1)
 		outputPath        = path.Clean(params.OutputPath)
 		smdClient         = client.NewClient(
 			client.WithSecureTLS(params.CaCertPath),
@@ -94,7 +92,7 @@ func CollectInventory(scannedResults *[]ScannedResult, params *QueryParams) erro
 
 				// TODO: use pkg/crawler to request inventory data via Redfish
 				systems, err := crawler.CrawlBMC(crawler.CrawlerConfig{
-					URI:      fmt.Sprintf("https://%s:%d", sr.Host, sr.Port),
+					URI:      fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", sr.Host, sr.Port),
 					Username: params.Username,
 					Password: params.Password,
 					Insecure: true,
@@ -131,14 +129,14 @@ func CollectInventory(scannedResults *[]ScannedResult, params *QueryParams) erro
 
 				// write JSON data to file if output path is set using hive partitioning strategy
 				if outputPath != "" {
-					err = os.MkdirAll(outputPath, os.ModeDir)
+					err = os.MkdirAll(outputPath, 0o644)
 					if err != nil {
 						log.Error().Err(err).Msg("failed to make directory for output")
 					} else {
 						// make the output directory to store files
 						outputPath, err := util.MakeOutputDirectory(outputPath, false)
 						if err != nil {
-							log.Error().Msgf("failed to make output directory: %v", err)
+							log.Error().Err(err).Msg("failed to make output directory")
 						} else {
 							// write the output to the final path
 							err = os.WriteFile(path.Clean(fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%d.json", params.Host, outputPath, time.Now().Unix())), body, os.ModePerm)
@@ -197,6 +195,6 @@ func CollectInventory(scannedResults *[]ScannedResult, params *QueryParams) erro
 	return nil
 }
 
-func baseRedfishUrl(q *QueryParams) string {
+func baseRedfishUrl(q *CollectParams) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", q.Host, q.Port)
 }
diff --git a/internal/db/sqlite/sqlite.go b/internal/db/sqlite/sqlite.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 9a60240..0000000
--- a/internal/db/sqlite/sqlite.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-package sqlite
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	magellan "github.com/OpenCHAMI/magellan/internal"
-
-	"github.com/jmoiron/sqlx"
-)
-
-func CreateProbeResultsIfNotExists(path string) (*sqlx.DB, error) {
-	schema := `
-	CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS magellan_scanned_ports (
-		host TEXT NOT NULL,
-		port INTEGER NOT NULL,
-		protocol TEXT,
-		state INTEGER,
-		timestamp TIMESTAMP,
-		PRIMARY KEY (host, port)
-	);
-	`
-	// TODO: it may help with debugging to check for file permissions here first
-	db, err := sqlx.Open("sqlite3", path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed toopen database: %v", err)
-	}
-	db.MustExec(schema)
-	return db, nil
-}
-
-func InsertProbeResults(path string, states *[]magellan.ScannedResult) error {
-	if states == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("states == nil")
-	}
-
-	// create database if it doesn't already exist
-	db, err := CreateProbeResultsIfNotExists(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// insert all probe states into db
-	tx := db.MustBegin()
-	for _, state := range *states {
-		sql := `INSERT OR REPLACE INTO magellan_scanned_ports (host, port, protocol, state, timestamp)
-		VALUES (:host, :port, :protocol, :state, :timestamp);`
-		_, err := tx.NamedExec(sql, &state)
-		if err != nil {
-			fmt.Printf("failed toexecute transaction: %v\n", err)
-		}
-	}
-	err = tx.Commit()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed tocommit transaction: %v", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func DeleteProbeResults(path string, results *[]magellan.ScannedResult) error {
-	if results == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("no probe results found")
-	}
-	db, err := sqlx.Open("sqlite3", path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed toopen database: %v", err)
-	}
-	tx := db.MustBegin()
-	for _, state := range *results {
-		sql := `DELETE FROM magellan_scanned_ports WHERE host = :host, port = :port;`
-		_, err := tx.NamedExec(sql, &state)
-		if err != nil {
-			fmt.Printf("failed toexecute transaction: %v\n", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = tx.Commit()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed tocommit transaction: %v", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func GetScannedResults(path string) ([]magellan.ScannedResult, error) {
-	db, err := sqlx.Open("sqlite3", path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed toopen database: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	results := []magellan.ScannedResult{}
-	err = db.Select(&results, "SELECT * FROM magellan_scanned_ports ORDER BY host ASC, port ASC;")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed toretrieve probes: %v", err)
-	}
-	return results, nil
-}
diff --git a/internal/scan.go b/internal/scan.go
index 660aede..ebab103 100644
--- a/internal/scan.go
+++ b/internal/scan.go
@@ -5,13 +5,16 @@ import (
 	"math"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/OpenCHAMI/magellan/internal/util"
+	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 )
 
-type ScannedResult struct {
+type ScannedAsset struct {
 	Host      string    `json:"host"`
 	Port      int       `json:"port"`
 	Protocol  string    `json:"protocol"`
@@ -19,9 +22,21 @@ type ScannedResult struct {
 	Timestamp time.Time `json:"timestamp"`
 }
 
+// ScanParams is a collection of commom parameters passed to the CLI
+type ScanParams struct {
+	TargetHosts    [][]string
+	Scheme         string
+	Protocol       string
+	Concurrency    int
+	Timeout        int
+	DisableProbing bool
+	Verbose        bool
+	Debug          bool
+}
+
 // ScanForAssets() performs a net scan on a network to find available services
-// running. The function expects a list of hosts and ports to make requests.
-// Note that each all ports will be used per host.
+// running. The function expects a list of targets (as [][]string) to make requests.
+// The 2D list is to permit one goroutine per BMC node when making each request.
 //
 // This function runs in a goroutine with the "concurrency" flag setting the
 // number of concurrent requests. Only one request is made to each BMC node
@@ -34,54 +49,67 @@ type ScannedResult struct {
 // remove the service from being stored in the list of scanned results.
 //
 // Returns a list of scanned results to be stored in cache (but isn't doing here).
-func ScanForAssets(hosts []string, ports []int, concurrency int, timeout int, disableProbing bool, verbose bool) []ScannedResult {
+func ScanForAssets(params *ScanParams) []ScannedAsset {
 	var (
-		results  = make([]ScannedResult, 0, len(hosts))
-		done     = make(chan struct{}, concurrency+1)
-		chanHost = make(chan string, concurrency+1)
+		results   = make([]ScannedAsset, 0, len(params.TargetHosts))
+		done      = make(chan struct{}, params.Concurrency+1)
+		chanHosts = make(chan []string, params.Concurrency+1)
 	)
 
+	if params.Verbose {
+		log.Info().Msg("starting scan...")
+	}
+
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	wg.Add(concurrency)
-	for i := 0; i < concurrency; i++ {
+	wg.Add(params.Concurrency)
+	for i := 0; i < params.Concurrency; i++ {
 		go func() {
 			for {
-				host, ok := <-chanHost
+				hosts, ok := <-chanHosts
 				if !ok {
 					wg.Done()
 					return
 				}
-				scannedResults := rawConnect(host, ports, timeout, true)
-				if !disableProbing {
-					probeResults := []ScannedResult{}
-					for _, result := range scannedResults {
-						url := fmt.Sprintf("https://%s:%d/redfish/v1/", result.Host, result.Port)
-						res, _, err := util.MakeRequest(nil, url, "GET", nil, nil)
-						if err != nil || res == nil {
-							if verbose {
-								fmt.Printf("failed to make request: %v\n", err)
-							}
-							continue
-						} else if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-							if verbose {
-								fmt.Printf("request returned code: %v\n", res.StatusCode)
-							}
-							continue
-						} else {
-							probeResults = append(probeResults, result)
+				for _, host := range hosts {
+					foundAssets, err := rawConnect(host, params.Protocol, params.Timeout, true)
+					// if we failed to connect, exit from the function
+					if err != nil {
+						if params.Verbose {
+							log.Debug().Err(err).Msgf("failed to connect to host (%s)", host)
 						}
+						wg.Done()
+						return
+					}
+					if !params.DisableProbing {
+						assetsToAdd := []ScannedAsset{}
+						for _, foundAsset := range foundAssets {
+							url := fmt.Sprintf("%s://%s/redfish/v1/", params.Scheme, foundAsset.Host)
+							res, _, err := util.MakeRequest(nil, url, http.MethodGet, nil, nil)
+							if err != nil || res == nil {
+								if params.Verbose {
+									log.Printf("failed to make request: %v\n", err)
+								}
+								continue
+							} else if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+								if params.Verbose {
+									log.Printf("request returned code: %v\n", res.StatusCode)
+								}
+								continue
+							} else {
+								assetsToAdd = append(assetsToAdd, foundAsset)
+							}
+						}
+						results = append(results, assetsToAdd...)
+					} else {
+						results = append(results, foundAssets...)
 					}
-					results = append(results, probeResults...)
-				} else {
-					results = append(results, scannedResults...)
 				}
-
 			}
 		}()
 	}
 
-	for _, host := range hosts {
-		chanHost <- host
+	for _, hosts := range params.TargetHosts {
+		chanHosts <- hosts
 	}
 	go func() {
 		select {
@@ -92,13 +120,17 @@ func ScanForAssets(hosts []string, ports []int, concurrency int, timeout int, di
 			time.Sleep(1000)
 		}
 	}()
-	close(chanHost)
+	close(chanHosts)
 	wg.Wait()
 	close(done)
+
+	if params.Verbose {
+		log.Info().Msg("scan complete")
+	}
 	return results
 }
 
-// GenerateHosts() builds a list of hosts to scan using the "subnet"
+// GenerateHostsWithSubnet() builds a list of hosts to scan using the "subnet"
 // and "subnetMask" arguments passed. The function is capable of
 // distinguishing between IP formats: a subnet with just an IP address (172.16.0.0) and
 // a subnet with IP address and CIDR (172.16.0.0/24).
@@ -106,83 +138,111 @@ func ScanForAssets(hosts []string, ports []int, concurrency int, timeout int, di
 // NOTE: If a IP address is provided with CIDR, then the "subnetMask"
 // parameter will be ignored. If neither is provided, then the default
 // subnet mask will be used instead.
-func GenerateHosts(subnet string, subnetMask *net.IP) []string {
+func GenerateHostsWithSubnet(subnet string, subnetMask *net.IPMask, additionalPorts []int, defaultScheme string) [][]string {
 	if subnet == "" || subnetMask == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	// convert subnets from string to net.IP
+	// convert subnets from string to net.IP to test if CIDR is included
 	subnetIp := net.ParseIP(subnet)
 	if subnetIp == nil {
-		// try parse CIDR instead
+		// not a valid IP so try again with CIDR
 		ip, network, err := net.ParseCIDR(subnet)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil
 		}
 		subnetIp = ip
-		if network != nil {
-			t := net.IP(network.Mask)
-			subnetMask = &t
+		if network == nil {
+			// use the default subnet mask if a valid one is not provided
+			network = &net.IPNet{
+				IP:   subnetIp,
+				Mask: net.IPv4Mask(255, 255, 255, 0),
+			}
 		}
+		subnetMask = &network.Mask
 	}
 
-	mask := net.IPMask(subnetMask.To4())
-
-	// if no subnet mask, use a default 24-bit mask (for now)
-	return generateHosts(&subnetIp, &mask)
+	// generate new IPs from subnet and format to full URL
+	subnetIps := generateIPsWithSubnet(&subnetIp, subnetMask)
+	return util.FormatIPUrls(subnetIps, additionalPorts, defaultScheme, false)
 }
 
+// GetDefaultPorts() returns a list of default ports. The only reason to have
+// this function is to add/remove ports without affecting usage.
 func GetDefaultPorts() []int {
 	return []int{HTTPS_PORT}
 }
 
-func rawConnect(host string, ports []int, timeout int, keepOpenOnly bool) []ScannedResult {
-	results := []ScannedResult{}
-	for _, p := range ports {
-		result := ScannedResult{
-			Host:      host,
-			Port:      p,
-			Protocol:  "tcp",
+// rawConnect() tries to connect to the host using DialTimeout() and waits
+// until a response is receive or if the timeout (in seconds) expires. This
+// function expects a full URL such as https://my.bmc.host:443/ to make the
+// connection.
+func rawConnect(address string, protocol string, timeoutSeconds int, keepOpenOnly bool) ([]ScannedAsset, error) {
+	uri, err := url.ParseRequestURI(address)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to split host/port: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// convert port to its "proper" type
+	port, err := strconv.Atoi(uri.Port())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to convert port to integer type: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var (
+		timeoutDuration = time.Second * time.Duration(timeoutSeconds)
+		assets          []ScannedAsset
+		asset           = ScannedAsset{
+			Host:      uri.Host,
+			Port:      port,
+			Protocol:  protocol,
 			State:     false,
 			Timestamp: time.Now(),
 		}
-		t := time.Second * time.Duration(timeout)
-		port := fmt.Sprint(p)
-		conn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", net.JoinHostPort(host, port), t)
-		if err != nil {
-			result.State = false
-			// fmt.Println("Connecting error:", err)
-		}
-		if conn != nil {
-			result.State = true
-			defer conn.Close()
-			// fmt.Println("Opened", net.JoinHostPort(host, port))
-		}
-		if keepOpenOnly {
-			if result.State {
-				results = append(results, result)
-			}
-		} else {
-			results = append(results, result)
+	)
+
+	// try to conntect to host (expects host in format [10.0.0.0]:443)
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("[%s]:%s", uri.Hostname(), uri.Port())
+	conn, err := net.DialTimeout(protocol, target, timeoutDuration)
+	if err != nil {
+		asset.State = false
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to dial host: %w", err)
+	}
+	if conn != nil {
+		asset.State = true
+		defer conn.Close()
+	}
+	if keepOpenOnly {
+		if asset.State {
+			assets = append(assets, asset)
 		}
+	} else {
+		assets = append(assets, asset)
 	}
 
-	return results
+	return assets, nil
 }
 
-func generateHosts(ip *net.IP, mask *net.IPMask) []string {
+// generateIPsWithSubnet() returns a collection of host IP strings with a
+// provided subnet mask.
+//
+// TODO: add a way for filtering/exclude specific IPs and IP ranges.
+func generateIPsWithSubnet(ip *net.IP, mask *net.IPMask) []string {
+	// check if subnet IP and mask are valid
+	if ip == nil || mask == nil {
+		log.Error().Msg("invalid subnet IP or mask (ip == nil or mask == nil)")
+		return nil
+	}
 	// get all IP addresses in network
-	ones, _ := mask.Size()
+	ones, bits := mask.Size()
 	hosts := []string{}
-	end := int(math.Pow(2, float64((32-ones)))) - 1
+	end := int(math.Pow(2, float64((bits-ones)))) - 1
 	for i := 0; i < end; i++ {
-		// ip[3] = byte(i)
 		ip = util.GetNextIP(ip, 1)
 		if ip == nil {
 			continue
 		}
-		// host := fmt.Sprintf("%v.%v.%v.%v", (*ip)[0], (*ip)[1], (*ip)[2], (*ip)[3])
-		// fmt.Printf("host: %v\n", ip.String())
+
 		hosts = append(hosts, ip.String())
 	}
 	return hosts
diff --git a/internal/update.go b/internal/update.go
index 8c07dce..8fca958 100644
--- a/internal/update.go
+++ b/internal/update.go
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 type UpdateParams struct {
-	QueryParams
+	CollectParams
 	FirmwarePath     string
 	FirmwareVersion  string
 	Component        string
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ type UpdateParams struct {
 // The function expects the firmware URL, firmware version, and component flags to be
 // set from the CLI to perform a firmware update.
 func UpdateFirmwareRemote(q *UpdateParams) error {
-	url := baseRedfishUrl(&q.QueryParams) + "/redfish/v1/UpdateService/Actions/SimpleUpdate"
+	url := baseRedfishUrl(&q.CollectParams) + "/redfish/v1/UpdateService/Actions/SimpleUpdate"
 	headers := map[string]string{
 		"Content-Type":  "application/json",
 		"cache-control": "no-cache",
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ func UpdateFirmwareRemote(q *UpdateParams) error {
 }
 
 func GetUpdateStatus(q *UpdateParams) error {
-	url := baseRedfishUrl(&q.QueryParams) + "/redfish/v1/UpdateService"
+	url := baseRedfishUrl(&q.CollectParams) + "/redfish/v1/UpdateService"
 	res, body, err := util.MakeRequest(nil, url, "GET", nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("something went wrong: %v", err)
diff --git a/internal/util/net.go b/internal/util/net.go
index f0528f1..5999ac7 100644
--- a/internal/util/net.go
+++ b/internal/util/net.go
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 )
 
 // HTTP aliases for readibility
@@ -78,3 +82,101 @@ func MakeRequest(client *http.Client, url string, httpMethod string, body HTTPBo
 	}
 	return res, b, err
 }
+
+// FormatHostUrls() takes a list of hosts and ports and builds full URLs in the
+// form of scheme://host:port. If no scheme is provided, it will use "https" by
+// default.
+//
+// Returns a 2D string slice where each slice contains URL host strings for each
+// port. The intention is to have all of the URLs for a single host combined into
+// a single slice to initiate one goroutine per host, but making request to multiple
+// ports.
+func FormatHostUrls(hosts []string, ports []int, scheme string, verbose bool) [][]string {
+	// format each positional arg as a complete URL
+	var formattedHosts [][]string
+	for _, host := range hosts {
+		uri, err := url.ParseRequestURI(host)
+		if err != nil {
+			if verbose {
+				log.Warn().Msgf("invalid URI parsed: %s", host)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// check if scheme is set, if not set it with flag or default value ('https' if flag is not set)
+		if uri.Scheme == "" {
+			if scheme != "" {
+				uri.Scheme = scheme
+			} else {
+				// hardcoded assumption
+				uri.Scheme = "https"
+			}
+		}
+
+		// tidy up slashes and update arg with new value
+		uri.Path = strings.TrimSuffix(uri.Path, "/")
+		uri.Path = strings.ReplaceAll(uri.Path, "//", "/")
+
+		// for hosts with unspecified ports, add ports to scan from flag
+		if uri.Port() == "" {
+			var tmp []string
+			for _, port := range ports {
+				uri.Host += fmt.Sprintf(":%d", port)
+				tmp = append(tmp, uri.String())
+			}
+			formattedHosts = append(formattedHosts, tmp)
+		} else {
+			formattedHosts = append(formattedHosts, []string{uri.String()})
+		}
+
+	}
+	return formattedHosts
+}
+
+// FormatIPUrls() takes a list of IP addresses and ports and builds full URLs in the
+// form of scheme://host:port. If no scheme is provided, it will use "https" by
+// default.
+//
+// Returns a 2D string slice where each slice contains URL host strings for each
+// port. The intention is to have all of the URLs for a single host combined into
+// a single slice to initiate one goroutine per host, but making request to multiple
+// ports.
+func FormatIPUrls(ips []string, ports []int, scheme string, verbose bool) [][]string {
+	// format each positional arg as a complete URL
+	var formattedHosts [][]string
+	for _, ip := range ips {
+		// if parsing completely fails, try to build new URL object
+		uri := &url.URL{
+			Scheme: scheme,
+			Host:   ip,
+		}
+
+		// check if scheme is set, if not set it with flag or default value ('https' if flag is not set)
+		if uri.Scheme == "" {
+			if scheme != "" {
+				uri.Scheme = scheme
+			} else {
+				// hardcoded assumption
+				uri.Scheme = "https"
+			}
+		}
+
+		// tidy up slashes and update arg with new value
+		uri.Path = strings.TrimSuffix(uri.Path, "/")
+		uri.Path = strings.ReplaceAll(uri.Path, "//", "/")
+
+		// for hosts with unspecified ports, add ports to scan from flag
+		if uri.Port() == "" {
+			var tmp []string
+			for _, port := range ports {
+				uri.Host = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", ip, port)
+				tmp = append(tmp, uri.String())
+			}
+			formattedHosts = append(formattedHosts, tmp)
+		} else {
+			formattedHosts = append(formattedHosts, []string{uri.String()})
+		}
+
+	}
+	return formattedHosts
+}
diff --git a/internal/util/path.go b/internal/util/path.go
index 19f6afe..c2e3e58 100644
--- a/internal/util/path.go
+++ b/internal/util/path.go
@@ -44,10 +44,6 @@ func SplitPathForViper(path string) (string, string, string) {
 //
 // Returns the final path that was created if no errors occurred. Otherwise,
 // it returns an empty string with an error.
-//
-// TODO: Refactor this function for hive partitioning or possibly move into
-// the logging package.
-// TODO: Add an option to force overwriting the path.
 func MakeOutputDirectory(path string, overwrite bool) (string, error) {
 	// get the current data + time using Go's stupid formatting
 	t := time.Now()